Rice non-woven seedling technology
1. Preparation for seedlings (1) Preparing materials for seedlings Do you have a company logo or product image or even an idea? We can make your cufflinks design come to life. ORDRM® provides custom made cufflinks service with wholesale price. Formal, traditional and unique custom engraved cufflinks for the Best Man and Groomsmen. The material is stainless steel or brass. Available in silver color, gold, rose gold or black color. Our custom wedding cufflinks is your best choice. Custom Cufflinks Custom Cufflinks,Watch Movement Cufflinks,Movement Cufflinks,Steampunk Movement Cufflinks Dongguan Original Dream Jewelry Co.,Ltd , https://www.ordrm.com
(2) Choosing a suitable nursery location
Since the dry seedlings are the seedlings that only maintain the wet state of the soil during the whole seedling process and the water layer is never established, the non-woven seedlings are mostly selected for the dry nursery.
In order to meet the conditions of dry farming, it is necessary to select plots with flat terrain, high dryness, convenient drainage, and leeward sunny, and avoid low-lying cold places. Subject to the restrictions, only in areas where Honda nursery is raised, it is also necessary to select relatively high-lying plots and build high-rise platforms to strive to achieve the above-mentioned conditions for dry farming.
(3) Choosing the appropriate breeding method
Ordinary dry seedlings, floppy seedlings, isolation layer seedlings, and seedlings.
(4) Determining the area of ​​Putian and making the bed
The area of ​​the field can be calculated based on the size of the Honda area and the ratio of the Honda field to the selected seedling method. Putian area = Honda area × 秧 Honda ratio
Number of nursery beds = area of ​​Putian 净 net sown area per bed
For example: using ordinary dry seedling method, the net sown area per bed is 22.5 square meters, that is, the net length of the bed is 15 meters, the net broadcast width is 1.5 meters, and the breeding of 1 hectare (15 acres) of Honda rice seedlings is: 秧田 area = 15 acres × 1 / 70 ≈ 143 square meters
Number of nursery beds = 143 square meters ÷ 22.5 square meters ≈ 6.5
It is best to carry out the bed preparation in Putian in the autumn of the previous year. This will not only improve the soil ripening effect and nutrient release ability, but also alleviate the contradiction between spring busyness and labor shortage. When you sit in bed in the spring, you should be as early as possible. The preparation of the ground and the bed should be carried out under water-free conditions, that is to say, the land should be dry and the bed should be dry. First, the surface of the field will be flattened, and then the trench will be placed on the bed. The width of the bed is 1.8-2.0 meters and the height is 10-15 cm. The bed length can be determined according to the condition of the nursery and the specifications of the non-woven fabric, generally 10-15 meters, and the drainage ditch is 10 cm deep. When raising seedlings in dry dry fields and gardens, sit on a flat bed or bed with a slight height. For fixed polders, the decomposed organic fertilizer should be added every year according to the specific seedling method to supplement the soil and nutrients taken by the rice seedlings and taken away.
2. Seed treatment
(1) Seed selection and seed drying
Seed selection. Includes air selection, screening and salt water selection. Wind selection can remove waxy grains and light-weight impurities; screening can remove impurities such as broken rice grains and sandstone; salt water can further remove waxy grains, diseased grains, etc., so that the seeds reach a full degree of fullness, so as to ensure the uniform growth of seedlings. The key to the selection of brine is to equip with the appropriate proportion of salt water. The specific gravity of the salt water used for selecting rice seeds is 1.10-1.13, which is the most suitable. The lower limit of the seed is taken, and the upper limit of the seedless or short-horned seed is taken. The specific preparation method is: 100 kg of water and 20-25 kg of salt, stirred and dissolved, and then measured by a hydrometer. If there is no hydrometer, you can use fresh eggs instead, and it is appropriate to put fresh eggs in the solution to reveal a 5-point coin size. The following points should be noted in the selection of brine: First, the operation is fast. The time from the seed into the salt water to remove the floating valley above should not exceed 5 minutes, otherwise the light seeds will sink and sink; the second is to measure the concentration of the solution at any time during continuous operation. If the specific gravity is reduced, add salt to restore it to its original concentration.
Sunburn. The method is to select sunny days before soaking seeds, pour the seeds on the crepe or concrete floor, evenly spread into 3-4 cm thick, and turn them over and over to make the seeds evenly exposed to light, generally 1-2 days. Be careful not to puncture the seed coat when turning the seed. When the sun is full and the temperature is high, it is necessary to increase the number of seed flips to prevent long-term exposure. Cover it at night to prevent low temperatures. Be careful not to get wet.
(2) Doing germination test
When germination test is carried out, different varieties, or different origins of the same variety, or seeds purchased in non-synchronization should be carried out separately. If it is done at the same time, it must be marked separately. The test seeds must be representative, that is, randomly sampled in different parts of the seed pile (or bag), and then fully mixed for germination test. When the amount of seeds is large and the variety is large, the germination is carried out by using an incubator or a fire. Take 50 or 100 capsules of the test seeds, place them in a germination dish with a filter paper (or absorbent cotton) or a dish, bowl, etc., add enough water, cover the filter paper or gauze, and place it in an incubator or on a fire. , the temperature is maintained at 28-30 ° C for germination. On the 3rd and 7th days, the number of germinated seeds was recorded and the germination rate and germination potential were calculated. When the amount of seeds to be tested is small and the variety is small, the flask can be used for germination. After soaking about 100 seeds in warm water at 30 ° C for 3 hours, they were placed in a small gauze bag, leaving a line at the mouth of the bag. The thermos bottle contains half a bottle of 30-35 ° C warm water, the seed bag is suspended above the water surface of the thermos bottle, the stopper is insulated, and the warm water is changed 1-2 times a day. Generally, 2-3 days can be used to bud. After germination test, the germination rate is above 90% and can be used for production. When the germination rate is slightly lower, the amount of sowing should be increased accordingly. Seeds with a germination rate of less than 80% cannot be used and should be replaced in time.
(3) soaking seeds, germination
Soaking and disinfecting. A commonly used and effective method is to put the seeds into a well-permeable woven bag or a special bag for soaking seeds, and immerse them in clear water at about 18 °C for 4-6 days to absorb enough water. Stir and change the water every 1-2 days. When the embryo and the endosperm are faintly identifiable through the rice husk, the embryo expands and the endosperm becomes soft. When the remaining part of the hull is peeled off by hand, it indicates that the seed has absorbed enough water.
Treating rice seeds with special effect seed disinfectant can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria attached to rice seeds and prevent infectious diseases such as rice blast, mite disease and bacterial leaf blight during seedling stage. Disinfection and soaking should be carried out at the same time. Dissolve the disinfectant in the soaking water according to the instructions for use and soak a certain amount of seeds.
Promote germination. Germination is a process of artificially creating suitable water, gas and heat conditions to promote the concentrated and neat germination of rice seeds. Under the same conditions, the germination germination is faster than the germination of the seedlings for more than 3 days, and the seedlings are uniform and the seedlings are increased by 5%-10%. Therefore, no matter which breeding method is adopted, it should be germinated and then sown. The rice seeds can be germinated after being strictly sterilized and fully immersed in the water.
The scale of germination is to achieve the whitening of the seeds, and the radicle and germ length are no more than 2 mm. The basic technology of germination is "high temperature broken chest, moderate temperature germination, low temperature hanging bud". The germination should be fast, uniform, uniform and strong. It is necessary to rush quickly, and it will be completed in 2-3 days. It takes 1-2 days to break the chest and about 12 hours to germination. It is necessary to achieve more than 90% of the rice varieties to reach the germination standard; evenly, the roots and buds are neat. Consistent; strong means that the root buds are short and thick, and the length is within 2 mm.
3. Seeding (1) Determine reasonable sowing date and sowing amount
Sowing date: Generally speaking, the date of seedling growth in the seedling bed is the date of planting. For example, if you plan to transplant on May 20th, the age is 35 days, then 35 days from May 20th is April 15th, which is the date of planting. Rice transplanting in our province is currently dominated by medium-sized seedlings, with an age of 30-35 days.
(2) Preparation of nutrient soil
Nutritional soil composition. The nutrient soil is made up of a mixture of guest soil, agricultural fertilizer and strong sputum agent in a certain proportion. For the soil used for gardening or dry soil, the structure should be good, the organic matter content is above 2%, the nutrient is complete, the disease-free fungus eggs, no salt and alkali, no weeds. It is advisable to use fully decomposed manure. It should be piled up in the summer of last year according to the amount of 60%-70% of the soil and 30%-40% of the fertilizer. In areas rich in peat resources, fermented peat can be added in large quantities in the guest soil.
The nursery nutrient soil is prepared on the day of the seedling sowing or the day before. The specific method is to sift the guest soil and agricultural fertilizer with a sieve of 5-8 mm pore size, and then mix the strong sputum agent into the guest soil and the agricultural fertilizer according to the use instructions of the sturdy sputum agent and the nutrient soil dosage of the specific seedling method. If the strong sputum used has agglomeration, it should be mixed into the soil and fertilizer in the proportion indicated, and then sieved together.
Nutrition soil preparation method and dosage. Due to the different brands of strong sputum and different ways of raising seedlings, the mixing ratio of strong sputum and agricultural fertilizer is also different. The following is an example of a 2.5 kg "pasture" brand rice seedling-cultivating agent for each small bag, and specifically describes the nutrient soil preparation methods for various seedling methods.
Ordinary dry seedlings: On the basis of pre-application of agricultural fertilizer in the topsoil of the seedbed, each small bag and 15 kg of sieved soil and agricultural fertilizer are thoroughly mixed and mixed into nutrient soil, and applied to a 20-22.5 square meter seedbed.
Floppy seedlings: Each small bag of strong seedlings is mixed with about 360 kilograms of soil and fertilizer to form a seedling nutrient soil. It is loaded into 90 floppy disks, with an average of about 4 kilograms per plate.
Isolation layer seedling: Each small bag of strong cockroach and 270-360 kg of guest soil, agricultural fertilizer fully mixed and stirred into a nursery nutrient soil, evenly spread on a 15 square meter seedbed. Throwing seedlings: Each small bag of strong sputum and 280 kilograms of guest soil, agricultural fertilizer fully mixed into a seedling nutrient soil, loaded into 150 throwing pans, an average of 1.8-1.9 kg per plate.
(3) Seeding program
Common dry seedling
Sitting on the bed. On the basis of sitting on the bed in the nursery preparation stage, use the scorpion to pry out the larger clods in the 10 cm soil layer on the bed surface and break it up, so that the topsoil layer is finely divided, soft and smooth, and the small scorpion is about 5 cm high around the bed. Water side leakage.
Apply fertilizer and nutrient soil. According to the ratio of 20 kg per square meter of seedbed, the fully decomposed agricultural fertilizer was evenly spread on the bed surface, and then repeatedly twisted with tweezers to make it evenly mixed into the 10 cm topsoil. Then apply the prepared nutrient soil. Mix with tweezers into the 2 cm soil layer of the bed.
Watering through the water. The foot of the seedbed is poured into the water one day before sowing, and the bed surface is saturated and connected with the lower tidal soil. In order to avoid flushing the bed surface out of the pit when watering, use a fine-eye watering can to quickly move and repeatedly pour. When the area of ​​the seedbed is large, a small sprinkler should be used. In Honda breeding, if the original humidity of the seedbed is large, it is not suitable to water.
Sowing and covering soil. Adhere to the principle of spawning and breeding. Dry seedlings are about 180 grams of dried seeds per square meter. The seeds should be evenly spread. After the broadcast, the seeds are shot or pressed with sputum or smooth wooden boards to make the seeds enter the soil on three sides. Then evenly coat a 0.5 cm thick sieved loose soil. Do not cover soil with nutrient soil or clay containing strong seedlings.
Close the grass and cover the mulch. Take 1.2% Ding powder as an example. Mix each 250g powder with 2.0kg wet sieved fine soil. After 2 hours of suffocation, apply it to a 20m2 seedbed to receive good weeding effect. This kind of seedbed sealing agent is especially suitable for the application of seedlings with small rice fields. When the nursery area is large, it can be sprayed with a solution of butachlor aqueous solution, but the dosage should be mastered in strict accordance with the instructions. Immediately after the closure of the grass, the surface of the bed is covered with a layer of the same width as the bed surface, which is slightly thicker than the bed, so as to increase the temperature and ensure the early emergence and rapid emergence. After the emergence of the seedlings, remove this layer of mulch in time to prevent high temperature burning.
The floppy disk is placed in a flat bed and the bottom water is poured. The seedbed with a floppy disk is also called a bed. Before planting, in addition to breaking the clods in the surface layer of the bed, the key is to make the bed level. If the convex and concave are not flat, the bottom of the floppy disk cannot be fully contacted with the bed, which will make the seedlings uneven. In addition, the length and width of the bed should be uniform, the width should be slightly larger than the length of the disc frame, and the length should be an integral multiple of the width of the frame. The bed must be watered in the same way as ordinary dry seedlings.
Set the plate, install nutritious soil, and hydrate. Use two metal frames to swing the plate. The seedbed is placed in a horizontal frame only. First place a frame at one end of the seedbed, and the other frame is placed next to it. The seedling film is then placed in the frame and folded into four sides to form a floppy disk. Make the floppy disk fully in contact with the bed. The nutritious soil assembled in the pan should be packed and the excess wood scraped off. Take out the two frames and put another two sets of plates according to this method and fill the soil. In this way, the disc is placed on the other end of the bed and filled with nutrient soil. Finally, use a watering can to pour water on the nutrient soil. If you accidentally rush out of the pothole when watering, you need to fill it with nutrient soil.
sowing. It is also necessary to adhere to the principle of sturdy and strong. Hand-planting 60-80 grams of germination seeds per dish, 60 grams if it is dry seeds; 120 grams of seed germination seeds per plant when transplanting seedlings, 100 grams of dry seeds.
Covering soil, sealing grass, covering the mulch, and common dry seedlings.
Isolation layer seedling
The seeding procedure of the isolation layer seedlings is basically the same as that of the floppy disk seedlings. The difference is that the floppy disk is replaced by a perforated plastic film or woven bag (also known as a glass fiber bag or a snake skin bag). The separation layer has the functions of water seepage, gas permeable and warming, and salt and alkali separation, and is particularly suitable for use in low-lying honda and saline-alkali seedlings, and has low cost and good effect.
When punching, first wrap the plastic sheet around the board with a certain thickness, then use a hollow hole punch with a hole diameter of 4-5 mm to punch the hole at a distance of 3 cm × 3 cm, and then pour the plastic sheet with the hole in the hole. On the permeable bed surface, follow-up operations such as laying nutrients and sowing.
The length and width of the throwing discs currently on the market are relatively fixed, that is, 600 mm long and 330 mm wide. However, the weight of the single disc, the number of the carcass and the depth of the crotch are not the same. The lighter the weight of the single disc, the thinner the chassis and the poor durability; the more the carcass and the shallower the depth, the less the nutrient soil capacity is, which is not conducive to the cultivation and growth. However, if the number of carcasses is small, the number of disks required per unit area of ​​Honda will increase, which will increase the cost of seedlings. Practice has proved that it is suitable for the actual production of rice in our province. The most widely used throwing disc specifications are: 561 carcasses per plate, the body is 18 mm deep, the upper diameter is 18-19 mm, the bottom diameter is 12 mm, and the small hole diameter is 3. Millimeter, single disc weighs 53 ± 1 gram. At the time of purchase, you must pay attention to its quality. The carcass is shallow or has broken holes and even large holes, and the disk is too thin, although the price may be lower, but once it is used for seedling, not only the seedling rate is low, the seedling quality is poor, and it is not durable, and it is often worth the loss.
The actual amount of disk used for seedlings can be calculated according to the following formula: the number of plates required per acre = the number of transplanting holes per acre, the number of carcasses per pan × (1 + 10%). 10% of the formula is an increase in consideration of factors such as missed broadcast and lack of seedlings. For example, it is planned to transplant 13.3 million holes per acre, and use 561 body plates, the number of plates per acre is 24.
Seeder sowing. First, put 70% nutrient soil in the tray, then put the seeds into a special seeder. According to the instructions, align the top of the stalk. The advantage of sowing with the seeder is that the number of seeds in the stalk is uniform, the sowing depth is consistent, and the seedling is produced. neat.
(4) Covering non-woven fabric
Covered by a shed. According to the local wide-bed open-closed agricultural film seedlings, insert the skeleton, cover the non-woven fabric, and use the soil pressure to tighten the circumference. For the new frame, the burr should be scraped off. The arc of the shed is smaller than the film, and the closer to the trapezoid, the better the water leakage effect will be. The reins should not be too thin or too rough to avoid breaking the non-woven fabric.
Skeleton-free tiled cover. The method is to build a 10-15 cm high soil around the bed, then flatten the non-woven fabric, and put it on the raft on four sides.绊 Windproof ropes and other reference to agricultural film seedlings.
4. Putian management
Non-woven seedlings Because it is not necessary to carry out artificial ventilation, the temperature management in the management of the field is very easy and simple compared to the seedling cultivation. In addition, there is very little blight, so it is enough to pay attention to hydration, timely mulching and timely dressing and disease prevention.
(1) filming and hydrating
The water utilization rate of the non-woven seedlings is high, and the total number of watering in the seedling stage is less than that of the agricultural film. In case of improper seedling operation, if the bed soil is insufficient in water, uneven, and the topsoil is whitish, spray it directly on the cloth with a watering can. In the Honda or low-lying plots, if the bed soil is too wet or even accumulated, it is necessary to uncover the bed surface film to remove moisture and prevent rotten buds to promote root development.
When replenishing water, it must be replenished; second, it should be carried out in the morning or evening, avoiding the high temperature at noon. At the same time, it is necessary to use the water after drying, so as to avoid "cold water pouring hot head"; the third is to use a fine-eyed watering can sprayed and not flooded.
When the rice seedlings are needled, the mulch film that is laid on the bed surface is taken out, and the squashed is restored and compacted.
(2) top dressing
Once the symptoms of lack of fertilizer such as yellowish leaf color and slow growth of rice seedlings appear, foliar application of 1% ammonium sulfate aqueous solution may be added. The amount of solution is between 2 and 5 kg per square meter of seedbed according to the degree of lack of fertilizer. According to this method, the "feeding fertilizer" can be applied to the lack of fertilizer bed before transplanting. Note that the fertilizer should be sprayed evenly. Rinse twice with water after spraying to prevent burning.
(3) Prevention and control of blight is mainly based on prevention, including the preparation of high-standard nursery nutrient soil with suitable pH value, which creates favorable conditions for root development of rice seedlings, strengthens temperature and humidity management and nutrient management of seedbed, and fosters strong disease resistance. seedling. In addition, better control effects can be obtained with appropriate special effects agents.
(4) rodent control and weeding
The special rodenticide can be used to make the bait to kill or use the rodent tool to kill the rod; the killing can be mixed with 5% of the zinc sulphate 0.5 kg and the appropriate amount of cooked glutinous rice and then sprinkled on the bed. It is also possible to fry the gluten or cornmeal and mix it with the proper amount of trichlorfon or dichlorvos. After the evening, it is divided into several small piles and placed on the seedbed to trap and kill. The effect is ideal.
5. Non-woven seedling precautions
(1) Selecting special non-woven fabric for rice seedlings
It is necessary to use special special non-woven fabrics for rice seedlings, which is in accordance with fz/t 64004-1993. It is made of polypropylene fiber-based chips as raw materials, and is made by spun-bonding method. The quality is ≥35 g/sq. Meter, non-woven fabric with a width of ≥ 2.1 m and anti-aging treatment. The dosage is generally in terms of length, ie 1 meter longer than the length of the seedbed. It is not allowed to equate general industrial nonwoven fabrics with non-woven fabrics for rice seedlings.
(2) Strictly formulating nutrient soil for nursery
The non-woven fabric is used to cover the seedling raising technique, and unless it is abnormally hot, the whole seedling period is not exposed, and it is no longer topdressing. To this end, it is necessary to use high-quality rice seedlings and sturdy agents (also known as modulators) that meet the requirements of db 21/1168-2000 and have the functions of nutrition, acid adjustment, disinfection and chemical control to prepare nutrient soil with sufficient nutrient content and reasonable ratio. To ensure that one fertilization meets the nutrient needs of the seedlings throughout the field.
(3) Strictly carry out seed germination and early auxiliary warming
The special effect of the non-woven fabric for rice seedlings is not as good as that of the agricultural film. In order to ensure that the seedlings are early, full and homogeneous, the seed germination should be strictly carried out according to the requirements of the operation rules. Secondly, it is necessary to cover the mulch on the bed surface or outside the shed cloth in the early stage of seedling raising. Cover the old agricultural film to improve the insulation effect.
(4) Timely release of auxiliary warming measures
During the period from the beginning of the needle to the first leaf of the seedling, the mulch deposited on the bed surface should be taken out in time, and the mulch film or the old agricultural film attached to the non-woven fabric should be removed.
(5) Watering at the right time
The rice non-woven cover seedling technology has improved the utilization of moisture in the field, including natural precipitation. In order to further save water and ensure uniform watering, it is better to use a watering can, and then it can be poured directly on the cloth. If the arch shed is too large and the water leakage effect is poor, the watering should be uncovered.
(6) When the timing of uncovering is close to the transplanting period, it is necessary to pay special attention to the change of outside temperature, and avoid the high temperature leading to the growth of the non-woven shed. It should be disclosed in due course. If the outside temperature is low, the seedlings are not strong, and they can be released at an appropriate night. If the outside temperature is too high and the seedlings are too strong, they should be exposed as early as possible. Generally, when the temperature in the shed continues to exceed 28 °C, the cloth should be removed.
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