Prehistoric jade overview
The prehistoric jade concept includes a long period from the late Paleolithic period to the middle of the Bronze Age, that is, throughout the summer and early Shang Dynasty. This period is the origin of Chinese jade culture. Its development is divided into two stages: its early stage is slow and inconspicuous. This stage includes from Paleolithic to early Shang Dynasty; and its later stage is leaping. , rapid development, this stage includes the late Shang Dynasty and to the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the overview of the ancient jade column, we have already mentioned that our ancestors discovered and began to use jade in the late Paleolithic period nearly 10,000 years ago. It is generally believed that people in ancient times discovered jade minerals when making and using stone tools. Because it is harder than ordinary stones, people use it to process other stone products. Because it has a distinctive color and brilliance, it is crystal clear and fascinating, so people slowly use it to make decorations. Also because it is not many in number and difficult to process, only a few heads in the ethnic group, such as patriarchs and priests, are qualified to wear and use it, which in turn makes it evolve into a ritual, ritual or totem. It is in this long and slow evolutionary process that jade is transformed from a special stone into a symbol of power, status, wealth, and theocracy. Most of the ancient jade in the early prehistoric period were jade tools such as jade knives, jade axes, and jade needles. Then there will be jade rituals (the rituals) such as the Yuzong culture of the Liangzhu culture, the three-fork type, and some jade figures like the jade dragon and jade pig of the Hongshan culture, which should be made as the totem of the ethnic group. The jade of this period is not entirely made of jade, which is referred to by modern meaning. It can be jade or just a beautiful stone, such as the tremolite ore that is symbiotic with the metamorphic marble. In the late Neolithic period to the Bronze Age, it was no longer difficult to see jade tools in the mainstream cultural areas of China. Instead, there were a large number of jade and jade accessories, such as the jade dragon and jade unearthed from the Shang Dynasty. Wind, jade crane. At this time, nephrite has been widely used to make utensils. In the heyday of the Bronze Age, that is, in the early part of the week, due to the impact of highly developed bronze culture, jade can no longer occupy the mainstream or monopoly position in many aspects of social life, as in the primitive society. But it still plays an important role in beauty, sacrifice, etiquette, funeral and burial. The jade articles of the Shang Dynasty Women's Tomb are divided into seven categories, namely, rituals, ceremonies, tools, utensils, decorations, works of art, and miscellaneous goods, reflecting the historical appearance of the jade, which has a wide range of uses and status. Among them, Xiao Sheng jade takes a large part. In particular, the women's tomb also unearthed the jade hook of the Hongshan culture and the jade phoenix of the Shijiahe culture, which shows that the collection of ancient jade is already a cultural life of the ancients. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, jade culture developed along the trajectory of Yin Shang, and new changes appeared in the decoration. Such as: the variety of string ornaments, the length is increased, the aristocratic jade is mainly made of enamel, mixed with beads, but also in various forms of jade pieces with tube beads. There are many jade in the Western Zhou Dynasty jade, indicating that the jade is popular in the Western Zhou Dynasty. This is because in the Western Zhou Dynasty, "the gentleman is better than the jade." "Poetry" cloud: "Like the gentleman, Wen Ruqi." At this time, the precipitation of jade culture has greatly surpassed the natural attributes of jade, making jade the incarnation of the gentleman, and the people entrusted with the connotation of virtue and personalization. Freed from the control of theocracy and jade rights. Generally speaking, the prehistoric jade articles of Chinese prehistoric jade, especially the late jade wares and artistic techniques have inherited the achievements of primitive society jade and have developed. At this time, the jade production usually adopts a symbolism that exaggerates the locality, does not seek the shape, and highlights the charm. The appearance of the beautiful and ornamental jade, which shows that the pursuit of nature and the pursuit of truth, is still growing. In addition, the jade tool has also evolved from a stone hoe to a bronze gong. The advancement of the tool has made the jade lines processed by it have a smooth rhythm. In the late period, the style of jade articles gradually became unified, which is an important feature of jade culture in this period.
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